Under systemd-udev its not possible to rename block devices, so using NAME=sda in udev rules doesn't work. Instead you must create symlinks using SYMLINK+="mydiska" or something. There are also whole trees of persistent name symlinks created by default now under /dev/disk/by-{id,label,partuuid,path,uuid}.
/proc/<pid>/exe
lsof -p <pid> /
ldd /путь/к/исполняемому/файлу
, но это далеко не всегда вам поможет.