Например вот так:
$queryUrl = 'https://***.bitrix24.ru/rest/161/***/crm.duplicate.findbycomm/';
$order_shipping_phone = [
'89032365544'
];
$queryData = [
'type' => 'PHONE',
'values' => $order_shipping_phone,
'entity_type' => 'CONTACT'
];
$curl = curl_init();
\curl_setopt_array(
$curl,
[
CURLOPT_SSL_VERIFYPEER => false,
CURLOPT_POST => true,
CURLOPT_HEADER => false,
CURLOPT_RETURNTRANSFER => true,
CURLOPT_URL => $queryUrl,
CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS => http_build_query($queryData)
]
);
$result = curl_exec($curl);
curl_close($curl);
var_dump($result);