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<?php

enum CurrenciesEnum: string
{
    case RUB = 'RUB';
    case USD = 'USD';
    case EUR = 'EUR';
    case GBP = 'GBP';
    case JPY = 'JPY';
    case CNY = 'CNY';

    private const DATA = [
        'RUB' => ['name' => 'Рублей', 'short' => '₽', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
        'USD' => ['name' => 'Dollar', 'short' => '$', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
        'EUR' => ['name' => 'Euro', 'short' => '€', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
        'GBP' => ['name' => 'Pound', 'short' => '£', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
        'JPY' => ['name' => '円', 'short' => '¥', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
        'CNY' => ['name' => '元', 'short' => 'Ұ', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
    ];

    public function code(): string
    {
        return $this->value;
    }

    public function name(): string
    {
        $this->insureValue();
        return self::DATA[$this->value]['name'];
    }

    public function short(): string
    {
        $this->insureValue();
        return self::DATA[$this->value]['short'];
    }

    public function ratio(): string
    {
        $this->insureValue();
        return self::DATA[$this->value]['ratio'];
    }

    public function default(): string
    {
        $this->insureValue();
        return self::DATA[$this->value]['default'];
    }

    public function display(): string
    {
        $this->insureValue();
        return self::DATA[$this->value]['display'];
    }

    private function insureValue(): void
    {
        if (!isset(self::DATA[$this->value])) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException($this->value);
        }
    }
}

echo CurrenciesEnum::RUB->code(), PHP_EOL;
echo CurrenciesEnum::RUB->name(), PHP_EOL;
echo CurrenciesEnum::RUB->short(), PHP_EOL;

<?php

enum CurrenciesEnum
{
    case RUB;
    case USD;
    case EUR;
    case GBP;
    case JPY;
    case CNY;

    public function code(): string
    {
        return $this->name;
    }

    public function name(): string
    {
        return self::getField($this->name, 'name');
    }

    public function short(): string
    {
        return self::getField($this->name, 'short');
    }

    public function ratio(): string
    {
        return self::getField($this->name, 'ratio');
    }

    public function default(): string
    {
        return self::getField($this->name, 'default');
    }

    public function display(): string
    {
        return self::getField($this->name, 'display');
    }

    private static function getField(string $currency, string $field): string
    {
        $data = [
            self::RUB->name => ['name' => 'Рублей', 'short' => '₽', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
            self::USD->name => ['name' => 'Dollar', 'short' => '$', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
            self::EUR->name => ['name' => 'Euro', 'short' => '€', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
            self::GBP->name => ['name' => 'Pound', 'short' => '£', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
            self::JPY->name => ['name' => '円', 'short' => '¥', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
            self::CNY->name => ['name' => '元', 'short' => 'Ұ', 'ratio' => 1, 'default' => 1, 'display' => 1],
        ];

        if (!isset($data[$currency])) {
            throw new InvalidArgumentException($currency);
        }

        return $data[$currency][$field];
    }
}

echo CurrenciesEnum::RUB->code(), PHP_EOL;
echo CurrenciesEnum::RUB->name(), PHP_EOL;
echo CurrenciesEnum::RUB->short(), PHP_EOL;

final class Currency
{
    public function __construct(
        readonly string $code,
        readonly string $name,
        readonly string $short,
        readonly int $ratio = 1,
        readonly int $default = 1,
        readonly int $display = 1,
    )
    {
    }
}

final class CurrenciesStorage
{
    private static self|null $instance = null;

    /** @var Currency[] */
    private array $currencies = [];

    private function __construct()
    {
    }

    public static function getInstance(): self
    {
        if (self::$instance === null) {
            self::$instance = new self();
        }

        return self::$instance;
    }

    public function add(Currency $currency): void
    {
        $this->currencies[$currency->code] = $currency;
    }

    public function has(string $code): bool
    {
        return isset($this->currencies[$code]);
    }

    public function get(string $code): Currency|null
    {
        return $this->currencies[$code] ?? null;
    }

    public function all(): array
    {
        return $this->currencies;
    }
}

$storage = CurrenciesStorage::getInstance();
$storage->add(new Currency('RUB', 'Рублей', '₽'));
$storage->add(new Currency('USD', 'Dollar', '$'));
$storage->add(new Currency('EUR', 'Euro', '€'));

// Получить данные по одному объекту
echo $storage->get('RUB')->code, PHP_EOL;
echo $storage->get('RUB')->name, PHP_EOL;
echo $storage->get('RUB')->short, PHP_EOL;

// Получить все объекты
var_dump($storage->all());