D'

preg_match("/(?<![A-Z])\s([A-Z]{3})-/Uig", $text, $matches); // для кодов
preg_match("/([0-9]{2}[A-Z]{3})/Uig", $text, $matches); // для дат

<?php
$consts = ['A', 'B', 'C'];
$replace = ['NEW_A', 'NEW_B', 'NEW_C'];
$text = ....; // выборка из базы
$text = str_replace($consts, $replace, $text);
echo $text;

Route::group(['middleware' => 'admin', 'prefix' => 'admin'], function () {
    Route::get('', function()
    {
        return view('admin.dashboard');
    });
    Route::resource('articles','ArticlesController');
    Route::resource('categories','CategoriesController');
});