Arman

function f1(data, cb){
   let modify = data *2;
   cb(modify);
}
function f2(data, cb){
   let modify = data *2;
   cb(modify);
}
function f3(data, cb){
   let modify = data *2;
   cb(modify);
}

f1(2, function(data) { 
   f2(data, function(data2) {
       f3(data2, function(data3) { 
         console.log(data3); 
         });
      });
   });

function p1(data){
   return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
      try{
          resolve(data*2);
       } catch(error){
         reject(error);
      }
  });
}

function p2(data){
   return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
      try{
          resolve(data*2);
       } catch(error){
         reject(error);
      }
  });
}

function p3(data){
   return new Promise((resolve, reject)=>{
      try{
          resolve(data*2);
       } catch(error){
         reject(error);
      }
  });
}

p1(2).then(p2).then(p3).then(console.log).catch(console.error);
// Или
p1(2).then(data=>{
   p2(data).then(data=>{
      p3(data).then(data=>{
         console.log(data);
      }).catch(console.error);
   }).catch(console.error);
}).catch(console.error);

// Или если юзать асинк:

(async function(){
   try {
      let r1 = await p1(2);
      let r2 = await p2(r1);
      let r3 = await p3(r2);
      console.log(r3);
   } catch(error){
      throw error;
   }
})();