Могу посоветовать следующую структуру:
create table `calendar` (
`event` varchar(64),
`year` smallint unsigned,
`month` tinyint unsigned,
`day` tinyint unsigned,
`hour` tinyint unsigned,
`minute` tinyint unsigned
);
insert into calendar values
('December 31 every year at 23:55', null, 12, 31, 23, 55),
('every minute in december 2020', 2020, 12, null, null, null),
('every hour at first of month', null, null, 1, null, 0)
;
select `event`
from `calendar`
where
(`year` is null or `year` = year(now())) and
(`month` is null or `month` = month(now())) and
(`day` is null or `day` = day(now())) and
(`hour` is null or `hour` = hour(now())) and
(`minute` is null or `minute` = day(now()))
;
Запустить SQL запрос