GoSou

const enColors = ['red', 'yellow', 'green']
const ruColors = ['красный', 'жёлтый', 'зелёный']

const result = enColors.map((color, i) => `${color}, ${ruColors[i]}`)

console.log(result)

$translations = ['красный' => 'red', 'синий' => 'blue', 'зелёный' => 'green'];
$input = [0 => 'красный', 1 => 'синий', 4 => 'зелёный'];
foreach ($input as $k => $v) {
    isset($translations[$v]) && $input[$k] = $translations[$v];
}
print_r($input);
/*
Array
(
    [0] => red
    [1] => blue
    [4] => green
)
*/