Обычно все открыте драйвера стоят в ядре, и ОС.
Но tp-link может использовать проприетарные, которые требуют ещё и загружаемый код.
Зависит от того который на устройтве .
Часто это realtek или broadcom...
Вот что на моём Debian:
dpkg -l 'firmware*'
Желаемый=неизвестно[u]/установить[i]/удалить[r]/вычистить[p]/зафиксировать[h]
| Состояние=не[n]/установлен[i]/настроен[c]/распакован[U]/частично настроен[F]/
частично установлен[H]/trig-aWait/Trig-pend
|/ Ошибка?=(нет)/требуется переустановка[R] (верхний регистр
в полях состояния и ошибки указывает на ненормальную ситуацию)
||/ Имя Версия Архитектура Описание
+++-=======================-================-================-====================================================
ii firmware-adi 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Analog Devices Inc. DSL modem ch
ii firmware-amd-graphics 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for AMD/ATI graphics chips
ii firmware-atheros 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Atheros wireless cards
ii firmware-bnx2 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Broadcom NetXtremeII
ii firmware-bnx2x 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Broadcom NetXtreme II 10Gb
ii firmware-brcm80211 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Broadcom 802.11 wireless cards
ii firmware-crystalhd 0.0~git20120110. all Crystal HD Video Decoder (firmware)
ii firmware-intelwimax 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Intel WiMAX Connection
ii firmware-ipw2x00 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Intel Pro Wireless 2100, 2200 an
ii firmware-ivtv 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for iTVC15-family MPEG codecs (ivtv
ii firmware-iwlwifi 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Intel Wireless cards
ii firmware-libertas 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Marvell wireless cards
ii firmware-linux 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for various drivers in the Linux ker
ii firmware-linux-free 3.3 all Binary firmware for various drivers in the Linux ker
ii firmware-linux-nonfree 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for various drivers in the Linux ker
ii firmware-misc-nonfree 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for various drivers in the Linux ker
ii firmware-myricom 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Myri-10G Ethernet adapters
ii firmware-netxen 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for QLogic Intelligent Ethernet (300
ii firmware-qlogic 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for QLogic HBAs
ii firmware-ralink 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Ralink wireless cards (dummmy pa
ii firmware-realtek 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Realtek wired/wifi/BT adapters
ii firmware-samsung 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for Samsung MFC video codecs
ii firmware-ti-connectivit 20161130-5~deb8u all Binary firmware for TI Connectivity wifi and BT/FM/G
ii firmware-zd1211 3.0.0.56-3 all binary firmware for the zd1211rw wireless driver