const digits = Object
.entries([...`${num}`].reduce((acc, n) => (acc[n] = -~acc[n], acc), {}))
.reduce((acc, n) => (~-n[1] && acc.push(+n[0]), acc), []);
или
const digits = (function get(num, count) {
num && (count[num % 10]++, get(Math.floor(num / 10), count));
return count;
})(num, Array(10).fill(0))
.map((n, i) => n > 1 && i)
.filter(n => n !== false);
или
const digits = Array
.from(String(num), Number)
.filter((n, i, a) => i !== a.indexOf(n))
.filter((n, i, a) => i === a.indexOf(n));
или
const digits = (('' + num)
.match(/\d/g)
.sort()
.join('')
.match(/(\d)\1+/g) || [])
.map(n => n[0] | 0);