Как обновить ядро Ubuntu 12.04?

Question

[Алексей Сундуков]

Возникла проблема с тем, что apt-get перестал работать (использовать -f пока не рискую). Причина в том, что у меня ядро linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic, а последнее это linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic, но apt его обновить не смог, поэтому я решил обновиться из deb пакета:

# dpkg -i linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic_3.2.0-57.87_amd64.deb 
(Reading database ... 94087 files and directories currently installed.)
Preparing to replace linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic 3.2.0-57.87 (using linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic_3.2.0-57.87_amd64.deb) ...
Done.
Unpacking replacement linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic ...
Examining /etc/kernel/postrm.d .
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/initramfs-tools 3.2.0-57-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-57-generic
run-parts: executing /etc/kernel/postrm.d/zz-update-grub 3.2.0-57-generic /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-57-generic
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (3.2.0-57.87) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
failed to move /initrd.img:Invalid cross-device link at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.postinst line 495.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (--install):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 18
Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic

Смотрю указанный скрипт:

# sed -n 495,500p /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.postinst
  rename("$kimage", "$kimage.$$") ||
    die "failed to move " . $image_dest . "$kimage:$!";
  warn "mv $kimage $kimage.$$" if $DEBUG;
  my $Old = $src_dir;
  my $cwd;

И понимаю, что он пытается переименовать старый образ, но не может этого сделать (через хардлинк? с перлом не знаком просто). Причина понятна:

# ls -l /initrd.img 
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 33 Sep 12  2012 /initrd.img -> /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic

При этом корневая фс:

# mount -l -t xfs
/dev/md2 on / type xfs (rw,usrquota,prjquota)

, а boot:

# mount -l -t ext3
/dev/md1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)

Вот сейчас сижу и пытаюсь сообразить, как при минимум усилий обновиться, но при этом не уронить систему.

Answer 1

[Ilya Evseev]

Совсем тяжелый случай:

mkdir /boot2
tar cf - -C /boot . | tar xf - -C /boot2
umount /boot
rm /boot
mv /boot2 /boot

После этого apt-get remove и т.д.
Когда всё станет хорошо, снова сделайте mount /boot

Comments

[Алексей Сундуков]

@IlyaEvseev изящно! Но ошибка осталась, значит дело в итоге было не в этом:

root@mail / # mount
/dev/md2 on / type xfs (rw,usrquota,prjquota)
proc on /proc type proc (rw)
sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev)
none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw)
none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw)
udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755)
devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755)
none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880)
none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup type tmpfs (rw,relatime,mode=755)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuset type cgroup (rw,relatime,cpuset)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpu type cgroup (rw,relatime,cpu)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/cpuacct type cgroup (rw,relatime,cpuacct)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/memory type cgroup (rw,relatime,memory)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/devices type cgroup (rw,relatime,devices)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/freezer type cgroup (rw,relatime,freezer)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/blkio type cgroup (rw,relatime,blkio)
cgroup on /sys/fs/cgroup/perf_event type cgroup (rw,relatime,perf_event)
root@mail / # dpkg --list | grep linux
ii  libselinux1                      2.1.0-4.1ubuntu1                    SELinux runtime shared libraries
ii  linux-firmware                   1.79.1                              Firmware for Linux kernel drivers
ii  linux-image-3.2.0-29-generic     3.2.0-29.46                         Linux kernel image for version 3.2.0 on 64 bit x86 SMP
ii  util-linux                       2.20.1-1ubuntu3                     Miscellaneous system utilities
root@mail / # apt-get install -f linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Suggested packages:
  fdutils linux-doc-3.2.0 linux-source-3.2.0 linux-tools
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic
0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 151 not upgraded.
Need to get 0 B/38.6 MB of archives.
After this operation, 150 MB of additional disk space will be used.
Selecting previously unselected package linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.
(Reading database ... 58864 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (from .../linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic_3.2.0-57.87_amd64.deb) ...
Done.

Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (3.2.0-57.87) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
failed to move /initrd.img:Invalid cross-device link at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.postinst line 495.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 18
Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

Кстати про ошибку "failed to move /initrd.img:". Я сначала думало было, что он не может переместить /initrd.img. А сейчас еще раз присмотрелся:

root@mail / # sed -n 495,500p /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.postinst
  rename("$kimage", "$kimage.$$") ||
    die "failed to move " . $image_dest . "$kimage:$!";
  warn "mv $kimage $kimage.$$" if $DEBUG;
  my $Old = $src_dir;
  my $cwd;

до меня дошло, что тут забыт пробел и получается, что в переменной $kimage у нас /, а в $kimage - initrd.img и получается, что rename пытается выполнить что-то в духе:
rename("/", "initrd.img.12050")
Учитывая, что у меня в / находится вообще все, а на прошлом шаге мы туда же отправили и boot, а /initrd.img это симлинк на /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic, то выходит, что скрипт пытается переместить директорию в свою же поддиректорию и конечно же фейлится. Кстати, меня крайне смущает факт, что скрипт пытается переместить весь /, а не какой-то определенный файл с ядром. Это нормально?

[Алексей Сундуков]

Понял что прогнал. Скрипт пытается делать:
rename("initrd.img", "initrd.img.12050")
т.е. просто используя относительные пути.

[Алексей Сундуков]

Если в этом скрипте включить дебаг, то вывод получается такой:

root@mail / # apt-get install linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 151 not upgraded.
1 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (3.2.0-57.87) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
image_magic: kimage=initrd.img, image_dest=/
         image_name=initrd.img-3.2.0-57-generic, src_dir=/boot/ at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.postinst line 748.
DEBUG: There is a symlink for initrd.img
Move?: kimage=initrd.img, image_dest=/,
        image_name=initrd.img-3.2.0-57-generic, src_dir=/boot/ at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.postinst line 391.
DEBUG: OK. We found symlink, and we should have a symlink here.
DEBUG: The link initrd.img points to (/boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic)
DEBUG: (/boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic) is really (/boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-29-generic)
DEBUG: We need to handle this.
DEBUG: ok, minimal swap is no-- so we move.
really_move_link: kimage=initrd.img, image_dest=/
         image_name=initrd.img-3.2.0-57-generic, src_dir=/boot/ at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.postinst line 491.
failed to move /initrd.img:Invalid cross-device link at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.postinst line 495.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 18
Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

Answer 2

[Алексей Сундуков]

Поправил в /etc/kernel-img.conf link_in_boot на yes и новое ядро установилось. Попробую позже с него загрузиться.

Answer 3

[Ilya Evseev]

что говорят "apt-get check" и "apt-get install -f"?
если сломали apt, то лучше починить, а не изобретать обходные костыли.

Answer 4

[Алексей Сундуков]

#apt-get check
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
You might want to run 'apt-get -f install' to correct these.
The following packages have unmet dependencies:
 linux-generic : Depends: linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.54.64) but 3.2.0.57.68 is installed
 linux-image : Depends: linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.54.64) but 3.2.0.57.68 is installed
 linux-server : Depends: linux-image-server (= 3.2.0.57.68) but it is not installed
                Depends: linux-headers-server (= 3.2.0.57.68) but it is not installed
E: Unmet dependencies. Try using -f.

Unmet это из-за linux-server который я пытался накатить из deb файла. -f конечно немного боязно запускать, но не помогло в итоге:

# apt-get -f install
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Correcting dependencies... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  linux linux-generic linux-image
The following packages will be upgraded:
  linux linux-generic linux-image
3 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 177 not upgraded.
8 not fully installed or removed.
Need to get 0 B/5,118 B of archives.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]?
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (3.2.0-57.87) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
failed to move /initrd.img:Invalid cross-device link at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.postinst line 495.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 18
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic:
 linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-generic:
 linux-generic depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.54.64); however:
  Version of linux-image-generic on system is 3.2.0.57.68.
 linux-generic depends on linux-headers-generic (= 3.2.0.54.64); however:
  Version of linux-headers-generic on system is 3.2.0.57.68.
dpkg: error processing linux-generic (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image:
 linux-image depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.54.64); however:
  Version of linux-image-generic on system is 3.2.0.57.68.
dpkg: error processing linux-image (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux:
 linux depends on linux-image (= 3.2.0.54.64); however:
  Package linux-image is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-54-generic (3.2.No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                                                                       No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
      No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                                    0-54.82) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
failed to move /initrd.img:Invalid cross-device link at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-54-generic.postinst line 495.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-54-generic (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 18
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-server:
 linux-image-server depends on linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-server (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-server:
 linux-server depends on linux-image-server (= 3.2.0.57.68); however:
  Package linux-image-server is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-server (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already
                                                              Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic
 linux-image-generic
 linux-generic
 linux-image
 linux
 linux-image-3.2.0-54-generic
 linux-image-server
 linux-server
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

linux-server я конечно выпилю, но подозреваю, что в итоге все равно не даст обновиться. Авторы пакета явно не расчитывали, что симлинк окажется на другой фс.

Comments

[Ilya Evseev]

"apt-get remove linux-server linux-image-server" и снова "apt-get install -f"

Answer 5

[Алексей Сундуков]

@IlyaEvseev я так пытался, даже более, делал purge. Но все тчетно:

]$ sudo apt-get remove linux-server linux-image-server
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
Package linux-image-server is not installed, so not removed
Package linux-server is not installed, so not removed
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 177 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (3.2.0-57.87) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
failed to move /initrd.img:Invalid cross-device link at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.postinst line 495.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 18
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic:
 linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic is not configured yet.
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image:
 linux-image depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.57.68); however:
  Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-image (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic
 linux-image-generic
 linux-image
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)
]$ sudo apt-get install -f
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 177 not upgraded.
3 not fully installed or removed.
After this operation, 0 B of additional disk space will be used.
Setting up linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (3.2.0-57.87) ...
Running depmod.
update-initramfs: deferring update (hook will be called later)
failed to move /initrd.img:Invalid cross-device link at /var/lib/dpkg/info/linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic.postinst line 495.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic (--configure):
 subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 18
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image-generic:
 linux-image-generic depends on linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic; however:
  Package linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-image-generic (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of linux-image:
 linux-image depends on linux-image-generic (= 3.2.0.57.68); however:
  Package linux-image-generic is not configured yet.
dpkg: error processing linux-image (--configure):
 dependency problems - leaving unconfigured
No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
                                                                                                          No apport report written because the error message indicates its a followup error from a previous failure.
     Errors were encountered while processing:
 linux-image-3.2.0-57-generic
 linux-image-generic
 linux-image
E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1)

Как я понимаю мейтейдер пакета даже вообразить не мог о такой разбивке дисков поэтому обновить ядро из стандартных пакетов видимо уже не получиться. А замораживать в apt текущую версию ядра я не хочу ибо оно с дырявое и локальный юзер может повысить привилегии до root-а.