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Что можно подкрутить в mysql?

Характеристики сервера:
6 ядер
4гб оперативная память
80 гб Nwme диск

Ответ mysqltuner

>>  MySQLTuner 1.7.17 - Major Hayden <major@mhtx.net>
 >>  Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/
 >>  Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering

[--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script
[OK] Logged in using credentials from Debian maintenance account.
[OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 8.0.31-0ubuntu0.22.04.1
[OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture

-------- Log file Recommendations ------------------------------------------------------------------
[OK] Log file /var/log/mysql/error.log exists
[--] Log file: /var/log/mysql/error.log(763B)
[OK] Log file /var/log/mysql/error.log is readable.
[OK] Log file /var/log/mysql/error.log is not empty
[OK] Log file /var/log/mysql/error.log is smaller than 32 Mb
[!!] /var/log/mysql/error.log contains 5 warning(s).
[OK] /var/log/mysql/error.log doesn't contain any error.
[--] 0 start(s) detected in /var/log/mysql/error.log
[--] 0 shutdown(s) detected in /var/log/mysql/error.log

-------- Storage Engine Statistics -----------------------------------------------------------------
[--] Status: +ARCHIVE +BLACKHOLE +CSV -FEDERATED +InnoDB +MEMORY +MRG_MYISAM +MyISAM +PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA
[--] Data in InnoDB tables: 5.1G (Tables: 240)
[OK] Total fragmented tables: 0

-------- Analysis Performance Metrics --------------------------------------------------------------
[--] innodb_stats_on_metadata: OFF
[OK] No stat updates during querying INFORMATION_SCHEMA.

-------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------------------------------
[--] Skipped due to unsupported feature for MySQL 8

-------- CVE Security Recommendations --------------------------------------------------------------
[OK] NO SECURITY CVE FOUND FOR YOUR VERSION

-------- Performance Metrics -----------------------------------------------------------------------
[--] Up for: 1d 22h 9m 26s (178M q [1K qps], 42K conn, TX: 126G, RX: 66G)
[--] Reads / Writes: 96% / 4%
[--] Binary logging is disabled
[--] Physical Memory     : 3.8G
[--] Max MySQL memory    : 475.1M
[--] Other process memory: 0B
[--] Total buffers: 192.0M global + 1.9M per thread (151 max threads)
[--] P_S Max memory usage: 0B
[--] Galera GCache Max memory usage: 0B
[OK] Maximum reached memory usage: 208.9M (5.32% of installed RAM)
[OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 475.1M (12.11% of installed RAM)
[OK] Overall possible memory usage with other process is compatible with memory available
[OK] Slow queries: 0% (2K/178M)
[OK] Highest usage of available connections: 5% (9/151)
[OK] Aborted connections: 0.09%  (39/42337)
[!!] name resolution is active : a reverse name resolution is made for each new connection and can reduce performance
[--] Query cache have been removed in MySQL 8
[OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (27K temp sorts / 122M sorts)
[!!] Joins performed without indexes: 4373
[OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 0% (4 on disk / 122M total)
[OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (9 created / 42K connections)
[OK] Table cache hit rate: 23% (3K open / 17K opened)
[OK] Open file limit used: 0% (4/10K)
[OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 100% (5K immediate / 5K locks)

-------- Performance schema ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[--] Performance schema is disabled.
[--] Memory used by P_S: 0B
[--] Sys schema is installed.

-------- ThreadPool Metrics ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[--] ThreadPool stat is disabled.

-------- MyISAM Metrics ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[--] MyISAM Metrics are disabled on last MySQL versions.

-------- InnoDB Metrics ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[--] InnoDB is enabled.
[--] InnoDB Thread Concurrency: 0
[OK] InnoDB File per table is activated
[!!] InnoDB buffer pool / data size: 128.0M/5.1G
[!!] Ratio InnoDB log file size / InnoDB Buffer pool size (75 %): 48.0M * 2/128.0M should be equal to 25%
[OK] InnoDB buffer pool instances: 1
[--] Number of InnoDB Buffer Pool Chunk : 1 for 1 Buffer Pool Instance(s)
[OK] Innodb_buffer_pool_size aligned with Innodb_buffer_pool_chunk_size & Innodb_buffer_pool_instances
[OK] InnoDB Read buffer efficiency: 99.71% (48914568029 hits/ 49057864146 total)
[!!] InnoDB Write Log efficiency: 77.52% (44964276 hits/ 58002330 total)
[OK] InnoDB log waits: 0.00% (0 waits / 13038054 writes)

-------- AriaDB Metrics ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[--] AriaDB is disabled.

-------- TokuDB Metrics ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[--] TokuDB is disabled.

-------- XtraDB Metrics ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[--] XtraDB is disabled.

-------- Galera Metrics ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[--] Galera is disabled.

-------- Replication Metrics -----------------------------------------------------------------------
[--] Galera Synchronous replication: NO
[--] No replication slave(s) for this server.
[--] Binlog format: ROW
[--] XA support enabled: ON
[--] Semi synchronous replication Master: Not Activated
[--] Semi synchronous replication Slave: Not Activated
[--] This is a standalone server

-------- Recommendations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
General recommendations:
    Control warning line(s) into /var/log/mysql/error.log file
    Configure your accounts with ip or subnets only, then update your configuration with skip-name-resolve=1
    Adjust your join queries to always utilize indexes
    Performance schema should be activated for better diagnostics
    Before changing innodb_log_file_size and/or innodb_log_files_in_group read this: https://bit.ly/2TcGgtU
Variables to adjust:
    join_buffer_size (> 256.0K, or always use indexes with JOINs)
    performance_schema = ON enable PFS
    innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 5.1G) if possible.
    innodb_log_file_size should be (=16M) if possible, so InnoDB total log files size equals to 25% of buffer pool size.


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Решения вопроса 1
ipatiev
@ipatiev
Потомок старинного рода Ипатьевых-Колотитьевых
Вам же пишут, с двумя восклицательными знаками: InnoDB buffer pool / data size: 128.0M/5.1G
128 метров - это значение по умолчанию. А должно быть 90% памяти, выделенного для БД
И этой памяти должно хватать для всех индексов

Собственно, вот же оно написано вам прямым текстом:
Variables to adjust:
    join_buffer_size (> 256.0K, or always use indexes with JOINs)
    performance_schema = ON enable PFS
    innodb_buffer_pool_size (>= 5.1G) if possible.
    innodb_log_file_size should be (=16M) if possible, so InnoDB total log files size equals to 25% of buffer pool size.


Только если памяти действительно 4 гига, то не надо делать 5.1. 3.5 будет достаточно
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