nokimaro

ob_start();  
$out = fopen('php://output', 'w');

$client = curl_init();
curl_setopt($client, CURLOPT_VERBOSE, true);  
curl_setopt($client, CURLOPT_STDERR, $out);  
//...

fclose($out);  
$debug = ob_get_clean();

//file_put_contents($log_file, $debug);
var_dump($debug);

?url=https%3A%2F%2Ftest.ru%2Fasdasd%3F%26s%3D0%3D1%3D3
&private=0&access_token=****&v=5.131

<?php
$number = cal_days_in_month(CAL_GREGORIAN, 7, 2022); 
$start = 15;
$days_counter = 0;
$rabota = [];
for ($i = $start; $i <= $number; $i++) {
    $days_counter++;

    if($days_counter <= 2) { //1, 2
        $rabota[$i] = 'Рабочий';
    } elseif($days_counter <= 4) { //3, 4
        $rabota[$i] = 'Выходной';
    }
    
    if($days_counter >= 4) { //сбрасываем счётчик после 4 дня
        $days_counter = 0;
    }
}

print_r($rabota);

If called from within a function, the return statement immediately ends execution of the current function