2237 3237
2237 2337
1234 1235
2237 2238 2239
data = ['1234', '1235', '2237', '3237', '2238', '2239']
for i in range(4): # длина номера
pairs = {}
for s in data:
t = s[:i] + s[i + 1:]
l = pairs.get(t, [])
l.append(s)
pairs[t] = l
for l in pairs.values():
if len(l) > 1:
print(*l)
2237 3237
1234 1235
2237 2238 2239