antonksa

from django.views.generic import View, ListView, DetailView


class AddUserPhoneToContextMixin(View):
    def get_context_data(self, **kwargs):
        '''
        Add phone number to context data
        '''
        ctx = super().get_context_data(**kwargs)
        try:
            user = User.objects.get(pk=1)
            ctx['phone_number'] = user.userprofile.phone_number
        finally:
            return ctx


class ItemListView(AddUserPhoneToContextMixin, ListView):
    model = Item
    paginate_by = 9


class ItemDetailView(AddUserPhoneToContextMixin, DetailView):
    model = Item

try:
    phone_number = user.userprofile.phonenumber
except UserProfile.DoesNotExists:
    raise NotFound('Warning! User profile did not created!')

class Model2(models.Model):
    m2m_field = models.ManyToManyField(to=Model1, related_name='second_models')

m1 = Model1.object.get(...) #он просто у меня есть
second_model_queryset = m1.second_models.all()

def get(self, request, **kwargs):
        if not request.user.is_staff:
            raise PermissionDenied
        super().get(request, **kwargs)

#  my_project/my_app/utils.py

from rest_framework.exceptions import APIException
from rest_framework.views import exception_handler

def custom_exception_handler(exc, context):
    # Call REST framework's default exception handler first,
    # to get the standard error response.
    response = exception_handler(exc, context)

    # Now add the HTTP status code to the response.
    if response is not None:
        if response.status_code == 500:
            #  My custom 500 error handler.
            pass
    return response

#  settings.py

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'EXCEPTION_HANDLER': 'my_project.my_app.utils.custom_exception_handler'
}

Это ассоциативный массив.

Функция render() как я понял, по итогу возвращает ответ в виде JSON'a из массива.

def handler(request, *args, **kwargs) -> HttpResponse:
    pass

if DEBUG is False:
    ....
else:
    ....

if DEBUG:
    # some code if DEBUG is True
else:
    # some code if DEBUG is False