Рабочий вариант
import requests
with open("MarksSYAP.xlsx", "rb") as filexlsx:
files = {"document":filexlsx}
title = "MarksSYAP.xlsx"
chat_id = "1234567890"
r = requests.post(method, data={"chat_id":chat_id, "caption":title}, files=files)
if r.status_code != 200:
raise Exception("send error")