как то так должно работать
SELECT '20170628' AS `table_name`, `price` FROM `20170628` WHERE `name` = 'test'
UNION
SELECT '20170515' AS `table_name`, `price` FROM `20170515` WHERE `name` = 'test'
UNION
SELECT '20160901' AS `table_name`, `price` FROM `20160901` WHERE `name` = 'test'