const key = 'number';
const attr = `data-${key}`;
const attrSelector = `[${attr}]`;
document.addEventListener('click', e => {
const value = e.target.closest(attrSelector)?.dataset[key];
if (value) {
document.querySelectorAll(`[${attr}="${value}"]`).forEach(n => n.remove());
}
});
// или
const elems = [...document.querySelectorAll(attrSelector)];
const onClick = ({ currentTarget: { attributes: { [attr]: { value } } } }) =>
elems.length -= elems.reduce((acc, n, i, a) => (
a[i - acc] = n,
acc + (n.getAttribute(attr) === value && !n.replaceWith())
), 0);
elems.forEach(n => n.addEventListener('click', onClick));