Попробовал, у меня например поведение не такое. Система - каталина.
~ docker run -it -p 8010:80 nginx:stable
Unable to find image 'nginx:stable' locally
stable: Pulling from library/nginx
68ced04f60ab: Pull complete
e6edbc456071: Pull complete
9f915b082e59: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:bfb2cb1b47766fc424a7826d5ae79dc3aa70a8bbb697de7e683b965d47eb4295
Status: Downloaded newer image for nginx:stable
172.17.0.1 - - [27/Feb/2020:09:02:52 +0000] "GET / HTTP/1.1" 200 612 "-" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987."
2020/02/27 09:02:52 [error] 8#8: *1 open() "/usr/share/nginx/html/favicon.ico" failed (2: No such file or directory), client: 172.17.0.1, server: localhost, request: "GET /favico"
172.17.0.1 - - [27/Feb/2020:09:02:52 +0000] "GET /favicon.ico HTTP/1.1" 404 555 "http://localhost:8010/" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_3) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTM"
~ ping localhost
PING localhost (127.0.0.1): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=0 ttl=64 time=0.045 ms
64 bytes from 127.0.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.102 ms
^C
--- localhost ping statistics ---
2 packets transmitted, 2 packets received, 0.0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.045/0.073/0.102/0.029 ms
после запуска , что в логах контейнера?