Есть разные варианты решения. Например, такой
\documentclass[12pt]{article}
\usepackage{fontspec}
\usepackage[
top=2cm,
bottom=2cm,
left=2.5cm,
right=1cm,
]{geometry}
\usepackage[russian,english]{babel}
\usepackage{setspace}
\setmainfont{Times New Roman}
\begin{document}
\hfill
\begin{minipage}[t]{14em}
\begin{spacing}{1.3}
Научный руководитель\\
\underline{\hspace{\linewidth}}\\[-0.8em]
\makebox[\linewidth][c]{\scriptsize{}\hfil(\textit{степень, звание})\hfil}\\
\makebox[0.3\linewidth][l]{\underline{\hspace{0.30\linewidth}}}\makebox[0.7\linewidth][r]{\underline{\hspace{0.67\linewidth}}}\\[-0.8em]
\makebox[0.3\linewidth][c]{\scriptsize(\textit{подпись})}\makebox[0.7\linewidth][c]{\scriptsize(\textit{ФИО})}\\
<<\underline{\hspace{1.5em}}>>\hspace{0.5em}\underline{\hspace{6em}}\hspace{0.5em}20\underline{\hspace{1.5em}}~г.\\
Студент группы \hrulefill\\
\makebox[0.3\linewidth][l]{\underline{\hspace{0.30\linewidth}}}\makebox[0.7\linewidth][r]{\underline{\hspace{0.67\linewidth}}}\\[-0.8em]
\makebox[0.3\linewidth][c]{\scriptsize(\textit{подпись})}\makebox[0.7\linewidth][c]{\scriptsize(\textit{ФИО})}\\
<<\underline{\hspace{1.5em}}>>\hspace{0.5em}\underline{\hspace{6em}}\hspace{0.5em}20\underline{\hspace{1.5em}}~г.\\
\end{spacing}
\end{minipage}
\end{document}