const today = new Date().getDate();
const select = document.querySelector('select');
const toggle = option => option.disabled = option.value < today;
select.querySelectorAll('option').forEach(toggle);
// или
Array.prototype.forEach.call(select, toggle);
// или
for (const n of select.options) {
toggle(n);
}
// или
for (let i = 0; i < select.children.length; i++) {
toggle(select.children[i]);
}