Всем спасибо, вот работающий код
import requests
import json
from fake_useragent import UserAgent
fakeBrowser = UserAgent()
urlPost = "http://stat.gibdd.ru/getCardsListCSV"
headers = {'Accept': '*/*','Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate','Accept-Language': 'ru-RU,ru;q=0.9,en-US;q=0.8,en;q=0.7','Connection': 'keep-alive','Content-Length': '209','Cookie': '_ga=GA1.2.1355086731.1518262575; _gid=GA1.2.370010749.1518262575; JSESSIONID=5EF4597155A357022299703AF87D0DF5','Host': 'stat.gibdd.ru','Referer': 'http://stat.gibdd.ru/','X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest','Origin': 'http://stat.gibdd.ru','content-type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8','User-Agent': fakeBrowser.opera}
payload = {"data":"{\"date_s\":\"07.11.2017\",\"date_end\":\"09.11.2017\",\"ParReg\":\"877\",\"order\":{\"type\":1,\"fieldName\":\"dat\"},\"reg\":[\"45\"],\"ind\":\"44\",\"exportType\":1}"}
r = requests.post(urlPost, json=payload, headers=headers)
r.status_code
