Решено.
stringList = {"1": "Один", "2": "Два", "3": "Три"}
def makeKeyboard():
markup = types.InlineKeyboardMarkup()
for key, value in stringList.items():
markup.add(types.InlineKeyboardButton(text=value,callback_data="['value', '" + value + "', '" + key + "']"))
return markup