const itemSelector = '.menu-catalog__item';
const buttonSelector = '.menu-catalog__link';
const className = 'menu-catalog__open';
const $items = $(itemSelector).on('click', buttonSelector, e => {
$items.not(e.delegateTarget).removeClass(className);
$(e.delegateTarget).toggleClass(className);
});
// или
const items = document.querySelectorAll(itemSelector);
const onClick = ({ target: t }) =>
t.closest(buttonSelector) && items.forEach(n => {
n.classList[n.contains(t) ? 'toggle' : 'remove'](className);
});
items.forEach(n => n.addEventListener('click', onClick));