Как-то так:
const userSchema = new Schema({
login: {
type: String,
required: true
},
email: {
type: String,
required: true
},
password: {
type: String,
required: true
},
referrals: [{
type: Schema.Types.ObjectId,
ref: 'User',
}]
})
referrer.update({
$push: {
referrals: user._id
}
})