Роман Сарваров

Route::fallback(function ()
{
    return redirect()->to('/');
});

/**
 * Render an exception into a response.
 *
 * @param  \Illuminate\Http\Request  $request
 * @param  \Exception  $e
 * @return \Illuminate\Http\Response
 */
public function render($request, Exception $e)
{
    if ($e instanceof NotFoundHttpException) {
        return redirect()->to('/');
    }

    return parent::render($request, $e);
}

php artisan make:observer CommentObserver --model=Comment

public function handle($request, Closure $next)
{
    if(! in_array($request->route()->getName(), ['home', 'pages'])) {
        return redirect()->route('home');
    }

    return $next($request);    
}

public function incomeMessages()
{
    return $this->hasMany(Message::class, 'receiver_id');
}

public function sentMessages()
{
    return $this->hasMany(Message::class, 'sender_id');
}

public function sender()
{
    return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'sender_id');
}

public function receiver()
{
    return $this->belongsTo(User::class, 'receiver_id');
}

public function handleForm(Request $request)
{
    // dispatch(...); Тут отправляем Email

    return back()->withSuccess('Письмо успешно отправлено!');
}

@if (($isSuccess = isset($success)) || isset($error))
    <div class="alert {{ $isSuccess ? 'alert-success' : 'alert-error' }} mb-3">
        <p>{{ $success ?? $error  }}</p>
    </div>
@endif

$categories = Category::has('posts')->get();

// `posts` - название метода в модели Category, который возвращает связь belongsToMany()

@if(! empty($products))
    @foreach ($products as $product)
        {{ $product->kod }} {{ $product->price }}< {{ $product->kod }}
    @endforeach    

    {{ $products->links() }}
@else
    I don't have any records!
@endif

public function update(Request $request)
{
    $request->validate([
        'title' => 'max:255', // где 255 - макс. длина строки
    ]);

    // ...
}