Carbon::parse('2019-07-14')->isWeekend(); // true
// ИЛИ
$ru = CarbonImmutable::now()->locale('ru_RU');
var_dump($ru->firstWeekDay);
var_dump($ru->lastWeekDay);
var_dump($ru->startOfWeek()->format('Y-m-d H:i'));
var_dump($en->endOfWeek()->format('Y-m-d H:i'));