<table>
<tr class="erat">
<th>Текст 1</th>
<th>Текст 2</th>
<th>Текст 3</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Текст 1</td>
<td>Текст 2</td>
<td>Текст 3</td>
</tr>
</table>
let td = $("td:not(.erat)");
let arr = [];
td.forEach((value, key) => {
arr[key] = value.text();
});