$string = '6=1;4=2;1=3;5=4;2=5;3=6';
Array
(
[6] => 1
[4] => 2
[1] => 3
[5] => 4
[2] => 5
[3] => 6
)
$arr = explode(';', $string);
$output = [];
foreach ($arr as $item) {
list($key, $value) = explode('=', $item);
$output[$key] = $value;
}
var_dump($output);
$output = [];
array_map(function($item) use (&$output) {
list($key, $value) = explode('=', $item);
$output[$key] = $value;
}, explode(';', $string));