<span>
<input id="textarea_1" type="text" placeholder="до">
<input id="textarea_2" type="text" placeholder="после">
<p id="textarea_after"> </p>
</span>
<button id="button">найти</button>
button.onclick = () => {
textarea_after.textContent = findChanged(textarea_1.value,textarea_2.value)
}
function findChanged (orig,changed) {
[orig,changed] = [orig,changed].map((text) => text.split(""))
return changed.filter( (char) => orig.indexOf(char) === -1 ).join("")
}